The invention discloses a goose living body quality evaluation method based on measurable characters of body surfaces. The method includes the steps that (1) pectorales thickness of living geese is measured by ultrasonic waves; (2) the results of measured pectorales thickness are input to a corresponding prediction model; (3) the weight, length of sternums and weight of single-side pectorales of living geese are figured out, and the goose living body quality is evaluated. The method has the advantages of being easy to operate, fast, efficient and the like, can be applied to fast evaluation of goose living body quality and selection for picking and breeding seeds, and has a significant guiding meaning in production of the goose industry.