The invention discloses a method for quickly compacting and carbonizing the surface of wood, and belongs to the technical field of wood processing. The method comprises the following steps: manufacturing the wood into a treatment size, controlling the moisture content of the wood, fixing the to-be-modified wood and a titanium metal block on a clamp, and pressing the titanium metal block and the to-be-treated wood, wherein under a condition of keeping step pressure, the surface of the to-be-treated wood is in contact with the titanium metal block to realize relative reciprocating vibration; when the vibration stops, keeping the titanium metal block and the to-be-treated wood static, applying pressure, and after the surface of the to-be-modified wood is cooled, separating the titanium metal block a from the to-be-treated wood; and finally obtaining a modified wood surface. By use of methods of pressing, vibration and friction for the titanium metal and the wood surface, the hardness and the water resistance of the wood surface are quickly improved, and the shortcomings of complicated wood modification process, relatively high cost and non-environmental friendliness in the prior art are overcome; and a wood surface modification treatment process has the characteristics of short process period, high efficiency, low cost, greenness and environmental friendliness.