The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and provides a service damage recovery method of a precipitation strengthening type polycrystal cast nickel-based alloy. The method mainly comprises the processes of hot isostatic pressing, solid solution and aging. Hot isostatic pressing is used for overcoming hole and loose defects in an alloy material, meanwhile dissolving part of coarsened or nodulized gamma' and ensuring that incipient melting does not happen to the alloy material. Solid solution testament is used for dissolving residual coarsened or nodulized gamma' phases formed in the service process of the alloy material. Aging treatment is used for adjusting the form and size of gamma' so as to obtain optimal matching of strength and plasticity, and finally the nickel-based alloy material without hole defects and with large-size square gamma' and small-size point-like gamma' coexisting is obtained. After recovery treatment, the high-temperature endurance performance of the alloy material can be close to the level before service. According to the service damage recovery method, operation is simple, the production efficiency is high, the economic benefits are high, and universality, generality and adaptability are high; and the requirements for repair and life prolonging of gas turbine high-temperature components can be met.