The invention discloses a preparation method of a binary transition metal ion doped alkaline anion exchange membrane with a core-shell structure. According to the preparation method, the dispersing performances of different transition metal ions in an organic substance are different; transition metal bivalent Cu ions with a high dispersion degree are used to form fine crystal nuclei in an organic substance, and another doped transition metal ion can carry out heterogeneous nucleation and growth to form the anion exchange membrane. Binary transition metal ions with a core-shell structure are uniformly distributed in the matrix of the anion exchange membrane; the core is a bivalent Cu ion, and the shell is a bivalent Co or Ni ion with a catalytic characteristic. The core-shell structure can enhance the catalytic characteristic of the anion exchange membrane; the fuel permeability of a fuel battery can be effectively reduced; the ion conductivity of the membrane is improved; and a fuel battery composed of the provided anion exchange membrane has an excellent electricity generation performance.