The invention relates to a carbon nano rod composite material and a preparation method and an application thereof. The technical problems are solved that the active substance of an existing electrostatic spinning technology is low in content, aggregates easily, and is large in fiber diameter and poor in electrochemical performance, an external layer is a carbon wrapping layer, an internal layer isthe active substance, the active substance is a one-dimensional metal oxide and is provided with mesopores, the content of the active substance is 50-80wt%, and the diameter of a nano rod is 30-100 nanometers. The invention provides the preparation method and the application of the carbon nano rod composite material ate the same time. The carbon nano rod composite material is easy in technology,the active substance of the obtained material is high in content and is evenly dispersed, the material is provided with rich pore structures, the diameter of the nano rod is low, and the material hasexcellent electrochemical performance as an electrode material.