An intelligent air purification method for an urban road comprises the following steps: step 1, real-time video streams of the road are acquired, and vehicles appearing in images are tracked in real time wholly or locally; whether lanes in the images are jammed is judged; step 2, a server receives a request, for inquiring traffic jamming condition of a specific road section, sent by a road dedusting device and sends a road jamming condition signal detected in the step 1 to the road dedusting device; step 3, the road dedusting device receives the road jamming condition signal sent by the server, performs air quality detection, judges whether air quality exceeds specified threshold, and performs dedusting if the air quality exceeds the specified threshold.