The invention discloses a straight falling type multi-component material unloading method which comprises the following steps of performing unloading calibration on a material of each component by controlling each unloading valve and reading sensing data of a weighing module in real time, and performing iterated prediction on each unloaded aerial value; performing dynamic regulation on a closing time of each unloading valve based on comparison of an accumulated unloading amount and formula data; and enabling the unloading valves to move sequentially, opening a dropping valve after finishing once unloading with the formula amount, and then when detecting that materials in a mixing funnel reach a set value, uniformly mixing the materials, opening a push plate, and discharging a mixture. According to the straight falling type multi-component material unloading method, material accumulation in an unloading cabin is detected and regulated by adopting a distance sensor and a stirrer, and theform of a fallen material is stable; and changes of a drop height and an impact of the material are reduced through a material distribution device, so that iterated prediction is more rapidly converged. Compared with the prior art, according to the technical scheme, the fallen material in the iterative learning process can be effectively utilized, the material is prevented from being wasted, andin addition, the straight falling type multi-component material unloading method can be applied to small batch rapid burdening.