The invention discloses a high-yield phosphorous-doped porous carbon material and a preparation method thereof. The yield of porous carbon is higher than 60 percent. The preparation method of porous carbon comprises the following steps: under a non-oxidization condition, calcining metal phytate to obtain a precursor; then treating with acid; carrying out water washing; centrifuging and collectingsediment; drying to obtain the phosphorous-doped porous carbon material. The phosphorous-doped porous carbon with high yield is directly prepared through one-step pyrolysis of potassium/sodium phytate; the porous carbon has micropore and mesoporous structures; the preparation method is simple, green and environmentally friendly; the production cost is low and the yield is high; the preparation method is very suitable for large-scale production; the high-yield phosphorous-doped porous carbon material has a huge potential application value in a plurality of fields including water treatment, pollutant adsorption, super-capacitors, fuel cells, lithium-sulfur batteries and the like.