The invention discloses an optimization method of a current inner loop controller of a single-phase pulse rectifier. The optimization method comprises the steps of establishing a target function of anactive current and a reactive current, establishing an elliptical locus function of an input voltage in a rotary coordinate system according to an endpoint track of the input voltage, and deducing anexpression function of the input voltage according to the target function of the active current and the reactive current, and the elliptical locus function of the input voltage; establishing an evaluation function J(k), and performing derivation processing on the elliptical locus radius of the input voltage through the evaluation function J(k); and performing derivation on the elliptical locus radius of the input voltage according to the expression of the input voltage and the evaluation function J(k), deducing the optimal control variables u(k) and u(k), and performing coordinate conversion on the optimal control variables and converting into axial components in a static coordinate system.