The invention belongs to the organic synthesis field and particularly relates to a method for preparing 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furannitrile through catalytic ammoxidation. The method comprises the steps ofcarrying out ammoxidation reaction under the effect of a catalyst by taking 5-hydroxymethyl furfural as the raw material, one or two of oxygen or air as an oxidant and one or at least two of liquid ammonia, ammonia water or ammonia salt as a nitrogen source, carrying out centrifugation so as to remove the catalyst, carrying out rotary evaporation so as to remove a solvent, and carrying out purification by virtue of a column chromatography, so as to obtain a 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furannitrile product. The product of the method is high in yield and easy to separate and has very good application prospects.