The invention discloses an oil tube clamping and positioning device, and belongs to the field of oilfield exploitation equipment. The oil tube clamping and positioning device comprises a central tube,temperature control magnetic steel, an elastic piece, a slip bowl, a dropping-fishing assembly and at least two slips, wherein the bottom of the central tube is fixedly sleeved with the temperature control magnetic steel; the slip bowl is a ferromagnetic component, the central tube is sleeved with the slop bowl in a sliding mode, and the slip bowl is located above the temperature control magneticsteel; the elastic piece is arranged between the slip bowl and the temperature control magnetic steel; the slips are circumferentially arranged with the central tube as an axis at equal intervals, and the bottoms of the slips are movably clamped to the top of the slip bowl; a frustum is arranged at the positions, corresponding to the tops of the slips, of the peripheral wall of the central tube,and the diameter of the end surface, close to the slip bowl, of the frustum is smaller than that of the other end surface of the frustum; the dropping-fishing assembly comprises a shearing pin, a dropping head and a fishing head, the dropping head is used for being connected with a hoisting steel wire, the fishing head is used for being fixedly installed on the top of the central tube, and the shearing pin is arranged between the dropping head and the fishing head. According to the oil tube clamping and positioning device, the applicability of the oil tube clamping and positioning device is improved.