The invention discloses a real-time interaction system and method of a self-adaptive follow-up treadmill. Current movement information of a runner is obtained through measurement and calculation by means of a real-time monitoring device, and sent to a system control module; the system control module controls a speed adjusting device to adjust the speed of the treadmill in real time on the basis ofthe received current speed of the runner; the display device is used for displaying speed and current position information of the runner on the treadmill, speeds of other online users and position information on virtual racing tracks, and real-time communication interaction between the runner and other online runners is achieved. The system greatly improves the participation performance and real-time interactivity of running. Meanwhile, the speed of the treadmill and the speed of the runner are synchronously adjusted in real time through an alternating electromagnetic technology, the runningexperience is improved, and potential safety hazards are avoided.