The invention discloses a behavior selection method of a mobile robot based on a situation assessment technology. The method comprises the following implementation steps of (1) establishing a coordinate system of the mobile robot; (2) acquiring target data; (3) extracting environmental situation elements; (4) establishing a bayesian network model; (5) performing reasoning about the bayesian network model; and (6) outputting a result. According to the behavior selection method of the mobile robot based on the situation assessment technology, the environmental situation elements of the mobile robot is extracted by utilizing the situation assessment technology, so that the mobile robot can obtain certain cognition on the surroundings of the mobile robot and the next-step behavior can be selected independently. The behavior selection method of the mobile robot based on the situation assessment technology behaves more obvious when the bayesian network model is established, and some experience knowledge of behavior selection of the mobile robot is incorporated in the bayesian network, so that selection of the behavior of the mobile robot is more accurate.