The invention discloses an adaptive frozen soil depth measurement device and system for detecting the depth of frozen soil, and belongs to the field of detection equipment. The device comprises a holder, a freezing assembly, and a measurement assembly. The holder is constructed to be inserted into soil, and providing a part cooperating with the freezing assembly and the measurement assembly. The device provided by the invention replaces mechanical transmission equipment through electronic equipment, achieves the automatic recording of the depth measurement of frozen soil, and reduces the laborintensity of a user and the use difficulty.