The invention relates to a paper money thickness abnormity detection identification apparatus. The apparatus is connected to a paper money conveying mechanism. The paper money conveying mechanism comprises a fixing shaft, a moving shaft and a side plate, wherein the fixing shaft and the moving shaft are vertically and mutually cooperated to convey paper money; and the side plate is used for installing the fixing shaft and the moving shaft. The detection identification apparatus comprises a sensor installation platform portion, a first sensor, a second sensor, a data transmission portion and amicrocomputer processing portion, wherein the sensor installation platform portion is installed on the side plate; the first sensor is used to detect paper money conveying mechanism and moving shaft vibration; and the second sensor is used to detect the paper money conveying mechanism vibration. The first sensor and the second sensor are installed on the sensor installation platform portion. The data transmission portion transmits vibration signals collected by the first sensor and the second sensor to the microcomputer processing portion. The microcomputer processing portion automatically carries out calculation and identification according to a peak value and a distance between wave peaks. The invention also relates to a paper money thickness abnormity detection identification method. Inthe invention, a counterfeit detection cost is low, installation is convenient, usage is simple and the apparatus and the method belong to the paper money detection technology field.