The invention discloses a hydraulic self-adaptation elevator traction wheel brake system. The hydraulic self-adaptation elevator traction wheel brake system comprises a traction wheel, one end of a center shaft of the traction wheel is connected with a hydraulic pump, the hydraulic pump rotates along with rotation of the traction wheel, the rotating speed is in direct ratio, a brake clamp is arranged on the circumferential side of the traction wheel, and comprises clamping parts located on the two side faces of the traction wheel so as to clamp or loosen the traction wheel and an operation part used for adjusting the state of the clamping parts, the clamping parts are provided with reset springs, the reset springs have force enabling the clamping parts to loosen the traction wheel, the operation part is provided with an oil cylinder, the oil cylinder stretching action has the effect of enabling the operation part to adjust the action of traction wheel clamping by the clamping parts, and a hydraulic pump is in oil path communication with the oil cylinder through a hydraulic valve.