The invention relates to the field of preparation equipment of neutron radiation shielding materials, in particular to a detection device for neutron radiation shielding concrete. The detection devicecomprises a frame, wherein a detection tube is arranged on the frame; a conveying opening is formed in the upper part of the detection tube; a conveying tube butted with the conveying opening is arranged on the detection tube through a bracket; a radiant matter emitter is embedded to the upper part of the inner right side of the detection tube; and a radiant matter receiver matched with the radiant matter emitter in position is embedded to the lower part. The invention aims at providing a detection device for neutron radiation shielding concrete, determines whether the contents of particles in concrete grout is qualified or not and whether the particles are uniformly distributed or not by detecting the blocking condition to radiation materials by the concrete grout through the matching ofthe radiant matter emitter and the radiant matter receiver in the detection tube, further can ensure that qualified concrete block is formed through concretion of qualified concrete grout, greatly improves the qualification rate of the formed anti-radiation concrete block, and reduces the subsequent treatment cost and material waste cost.