The invention discloses an annular polishing surface shape accurate adjustment method for plate type optical components. According to the annular polishing surface shape accurate adjustment method forthe plate type optical components, the variation of reflection/transmission surface shapes is adjusted by using the thermal deformation of the plate type optical components during the course of annular polishing and accordingly the rapid and controllable conversion of the heights of the surface shapes of the components can be made during the surface shape preserving period of a polishing mould, so that the annular polishing reflection/transmission wavefront distribution control efficiency of the plate type components can be greatly improved. The method is particularly applicable to the platetype optical components which are large in thermal expansivity and prone to deform, such as laser neodymium glass sheet-shaped components with the caliber of 400 mm, so that the uncertainty of surfaceshape control can be effectively overcome during the annular polishing course of the plate type components, the machining accuracy of the meter-scale plate type optical components can be realized, the surface shape PV is superior to 1/5 lambda (lambda=632.8 nm) and GRMS is superior to 1/90 lambda.