The invention discloses a battery screen printing quality detecting method based on block template matching. Original images of batteries are acquired to build a template data set; images of the batteries are corrected; the corrected images of the batteries are tailored; detecting areas are extracted to reduce information redundancy; battery screen printing images are cut from battery backgrounds;a battery screen printing position is determined; block matching is performed on images to be detected by using block template images in the template data set to judge the matching degree between images of the batteries to be detected and templates; block sub images of the batteries to be detected are compared with built template sub images one by one; difference results are analyzed to obtain battery screen printing defect information; aberration quantitative analysis is performed on each sub image to obtain aberration conditions of each part in global images; and meanwhile, average processing is performed to observe global aberration conditions to finish the battery screen printing quality detection. The method needs no manual intervention, and can realize quick high-precision battery screen printing quality detection.