The invention provides a pneumatic optical effect simulation device, and belongs to the technical field of pneumatic optics. The pneumatic optical effect simulation device comprises a black body of which the opening is upward and a pot body which is arranged on the black body with the opening downwardly arranged. The opening of the black body and the opening of the pot body are connected through a telescopic structure. The telescopic structure is internally provided with double layer fans. The telescopic structure comprises an internal telescopic tube, a heat insulation layer and an external telescopic tube which are arranged from inside to outside in turn. The internal telescopic tube comprises a non-telescopic end which is arranged in the middle and telescopic tubes which are connected with the two ends of the non-telescopic end. An iris diaphragm structure is installed on the non-telescopic end. The double layer fans comprise a first fan and a second fan which are vertically arranged. The first fan and the second fan are different in the number of blades, different in rotating speed and different in rotating direction. All the blades of the first fan and the second fan are different in width. The characteristic that cold and hot air forms strong convection is utilized to directly generate airflow generating the pneumatic optical effect so that the objective of direction simulation of the pneumatic optical effect can be realized.