The invention relates to a treatment method for removing COD in beneficiation wastewater through electrodialysis. The method for removing the COD in the beneficiation wastewater through electrodialysis comprises the following steps that (1) pretreatment is carried out, specifically, an oxidation coagulant is added into the beneficiation wastewater, and standing and filtering are carried out to obtain a filtrate, wherein the oxidation coagulant is prepared from hydrogen peroxide and ferrous chloride in a mass ratio of 1:1; and (2) electrodialysis is carried out, specifically, electrodialysis treatment is carried out on the filtrate obtained in the step (1) to obtain salt-containing concentrated water and fresh water. The method for removing the COD in the beneficiation wastewater through electrodialysis has the advantages of simple steps, easiness in operation, fewer selected agents, low treatment cost and capability of efficiently and deeply treating the COD in the various beneficiation wastewater.