The invention relates to an impact vibration test device of top coal gangue and application of the test device. The test device comprises a pedestal, and a shake table device, a support assembly, a coal releasing device and a high speed camera assembly arranged on the pedestal, the shake table device is arranged in the bottom of the support assembly, the coal releasing device is arranged on the support assembly and positioned over the shake table device, and the high-speed camera assembly is positioned in one side of the support assembly and arranged in parallel with the shake table device. Coal gangue particles are placed in the coal releasing device, the coal releasing device releases the coal gangue particles, the coal gangue particles fall on the shake table device successively, the high speed camera assembly obtains an instant image when the coal gangue falls on the shake table device, and a sample of the falling coal gangue and different parameters of the shake table device afterfalling are obtained to implement subsequent data analysis. The test device is ingenious in structural design and less influenced by the external environment, the test feasibility is high, labor is not needed, a test process is accurate with little error, and the popularization value is very high.