The embodiment of the invention provides a calibration method and a calibration device of a projected image, which relate to the technical field of display. The method comprises the following steps: performing localization for a lens position of a photography device through a localizer, obtaining lens coordinate data, and sending the lens coordinate data to a calibration module; by the calibrationmodule, judging whether the lens position has deviation with a preset lens reference position according to the lens coordinate data; if the lens position has deviation with the preset lens referenceposition, generating adjustment information; and according to the adjustment information, adjusting the lens position to be superposed with the lens reference position. The method and the device provided by the embodiment of the invention are out of human eye subjective judgment on a position relation between the projected image and a projection screen, realize automatic calibration between the projected image and the projection screen and improve calibration efficiency of projection image.