The invention discloses a microwave heating method based on a high-dielectric constant material covering a bituminous pavement. The method mainly solves the problems that in a pavement microwave heating process, the thermal transformation efficiency is low, the depth is not easy to control, and heating is uneven. The implement method of the method comprises the steps that after the bituminous pavement is simply cleaned, an elastic material layer (6) and a high-dielectric constant material layer (5) are laid on the upper surface of the pavement sequentially; a T-shaped metal conductor band (1)and a metal conductor plane (2) are electroplated on the upper surface of the high-dielectric constant material layer (5) to form a coplanar waveguide structure; through a coaxial line (3), a coplanarwaveguide is fed, and resonance surface waves are formed on the lower surface of the elastic material layer, so that the bituminous pavement is heated, and fast increment of the bituminous pavement temperature is achieved. By means of the method, the transformation efficiency of microwave energy is improved, the microwave heating evenness is improved, efficient in-situ heat regeneration of the bituminous pavement is achieved, and the method can be used for maintenance of the bituminous pavement.