The invention provides a steel coil supporting structure for a silicon steel high-temperature heat treatment furnace and a construction method. The supporting structure includes an even number of first support bodies, an equal number of second support bodies and an equal number of steel coil bricks. The first support bodies and the second support bodies are formed by laying a plurality of refractory bricks respectively, are arranged alternatively, and are arranged radially on the surface of a bogie. According to the supporting structure, gaps are left among the first and second support bodiesto facilitate air flow, thus achieving a good flow guiding effect, improving the flow field and the temperature field in a steel coil heat treatment process and further improving steel coil heat treatment quality. The supporting structure is stable, increases the yield of silicon steel and prolongs the service lifetime of the bogie.