The invention relates to a biomass liquid fuel and metal particle co-combustion staged swirl combustion device and belongs to the field of combustion. Renewable biomass liquid fuel spray introduced inthrough an axial inlet and oxidant gas led in through a first-stage swirl are mixed and burnt, and a large quantity of heat, CO2, H2O and other products are generated through reaction. After stable combustion of the liquid fuel is achieved, a metal particle carrying current is poured into an axial center through hole, metal particles are lit in a high-temperature fuel gas field generated by the liquid fuel and react with CO2, H2O and the like, heat is further generated, and combustible gases such as CO and H2 are generated. Excess oxidant gas is introduced in through a second-stage swirl inlet and is further mixed and burnt with unburned reactants at an outlet of a first reaction area, and a second reaction area is formed in a cylindrical combustor of the large inner diameter. Through thebiomass liquid fuel and metal particle co-combustion staged swirl combustion device, the biomass liquid fuel and the metal particles can be burnt in a staged mode, combustion of the metal particles is maintained on the basis of the heat generated by combustion of the biomass liquid fuel, and joint combustion of the renewable fuel and the metal particles is achieved.