The invention discloses a left-right translation type sliding window with a haze prevention function. The left-right translation type sliding window comprises a window frame, at least four window sashes and a detachable combined window, the detachable combined window comprises a square frame body, a plurality of filter layers and a plurality of sliding parts, wherein four side edges of the squareframe body are matched with a structure of the window frame, and horizontal strip-shaped grooves are formed in the upper and lower sides of the square frame body correspondingly; the filter layers comprises an outer gauze layer, an air filter layer, an activated carbon adsorption layer and an inner gauze layer; the sliding parts are arranged in the two horizontal strip-shaped grooves in a mirroredmode, the sliding parts can move longitudinally, idler wheels are installed on the heads of the sliding parts, and annular grooves are formed in the outer circumference of the idler wheels in the circumference direction; and in addition, longitudinal strip-shaped grooves are formed in the left and right sides of the square frame body, and the left and right edges of the window sashes can extend into the longitudinal strip-shaped grooves. According to the technical scheme, on the one hand, the lighting effect of the window can be maintained, on the other hand, the indoor and outdoor air circulation and filtering effect can be achieved, and outdoor haze can be effectively prevented from entering a room.