The invention discloses a vacuum high-pressure air quenching furnace liner structure capable of realizing up-down alternate switching of air currents. The structure adopts a square closed structure, and comprises an outer frame consisting of a metal cylinder and a thermal insulation layer, heating bodies consists of graphite rods uniformly distributed, molybdenum sealing edges, double-side push-pull opening and closing sealing doors at the upper parts and the lower parts, sealing door guide rails, upper and lower load thermocouples, temperature control thermocouples, material table stand columns, cross beams and the like. The thermal insulation layer consists of ceramic fibers, soft carbon felts and hard carbon felts, and cooperates with the heating bodies, uniformly distributed, to guarantee the furnace temperature uniformity; the upper and lower sealing doors are used for switching furnace liner heating space and a cooling ventilation passage; and the upper and lower load thermocouples are used for controlling up-down alternate switching of the air currents. The furnace liner structure facilitates guarantee of the cooling speed uniformity of workpieces in different positions in the air quenching process, can improve such indexes as structure performance, hardness and deformation of the workpieces after heat treatment, can improve the uniformity, and reduces deformation.