The invention relates to an instantaneous center brake capable of restoring brake performance through three force points on a combined type bracket without disassembling an axle. A structure is characterized in that an original base-plate brake is abolished, a dust guard plate is unlinked in an axle, and a detachable bracket is connected with a brake shoe bracket assembly into a whole through a retractable bolt, placed on a braking bracket, and connected with the axle. A half locating sleeve is located between the detachable bracket and the retractable bolt. A brake dust cover is arranged on the braking bracket. A spare brake is changed without disassembling the axle, maintenance and assembling are timely, and braking safety performance of vehicles is restored, thus safety traffic of long-distance vehicles is guaranteed, and emergency difficulties of long-distance running vehicles are solved at that time.