The invention relates to an application HEA of N (6)-(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine (HEA) and derivatives thereof in medicine or food preparation as an adenosine A1 receptor stimulating agent as well as an application of the derivatives thereof in treating nervous system diseases, such as calming and hypnotizing, anti-convulsion, cerebral protection, Parkinson disease, drug addiction and the like, related to an adenosine receptor conditioner. The invention offers a new drug source for the prevention of nervous system diseases.