The invention discloses a one-machine and multi-board translation system and control method for car carrying boards. The system comprises a movable drive device, fixed steel ropes, a clamping device,a terminal point limit block, an in-place detection device and a reset detection device, roller devices are mounted on the lower portion of the car carrying boards and supported by lower guide rails,the car carrying boards are provided with fixed steel rope clamping portions and movable steel rope clamping portions which are electromagnetically driven, movable steel ropes are connected with steelrope tensioning portions, a closed ring clamped and positioned by steel rope positioning portions is formed between a reel and a pulley, a motor speed reducer drives the reel to rotate to draw the movable steel ropes to drive the car carrying board with the movable steel rope clamping portions in a clamped state to synchronously move, and the car carrying board with the fixed steel rope clampingportions in the clamped state is constantly static. The system replaces motor speed reducers and corresponding drive components mounted on existing car carrying boards, the manufacturing cost of the device can be reduced, running stability is improved, and the system is easily maintained.