The invention discloses a synthetic heat-electricity-cold energy management system and method. The system comprises a constant temperature difference thermoelectric conversion module, a thermoelectricpower generation driving thermoelectric refrigeration module and a thermoelectric conversion energy storage module; a constant temperature difference thermoelectric conversion module is driven by thetemperature difference to convert thermal energy into electrical energy. The output direct current is transmitted to the thermoelectric refrigeration driven thermoelectric cooling module, the thermoelectric refrigeration driven thermoelectric cooling module is driven to transfer the heat of the target environment, and the waste heat generated in running of the thermoelectric refrigeration driventhermoelectric cooling module is transmitted to the thermoelectric conversion energy storage module for thermoelectric conversion and storage. The invention utilizes waste heat power generation to directly carry out effective refrigeration, no additional DC power supply, complex piping system and heat insulation device are needed, which realizes the effective heat transfer in space and the comprehensive utilization of thermoelectric cooling energy, changes the single treatment mode of heat transfer in the existing thermal management system, and provides a new idea for the top-level design of the thermal control system and the deployment of the related thermal control structure system.