The invention discloses an efficient strawberry picking robot and a picking method, and belongs to the technical field of robots. The robot comprises a rack, a recognition screening module, a pickingmodule and a collecting module, wherein the RGB values of strawberries are obtained by the recognition screening module through color recognition to distinguish ripe strawberries, unripe strawberries,simple stems and multi-stems, the ripe strawberries obtained by the recognition screening module is cut by the collecting device, and the ripe strawberries are collected by the collecting module. Bythe mutual cooperation of the recognition screening module, the picking module and the collecting module, the collection of the ripe strawberries can be conducted, the robot is used for assisting manual picking of the strawberries, the picking efficiency is improved under the situation that damage peel is reduced as many as possible, and manual picking labor intensity is reduced.