The invention discloses a calcium carbide furnace gas purification system. The calcium carbide furnace gas purification system comprises a water cooling device, a dry type Venturi device, a dust removal device and a gas cabinet, all of which are sequentially connected. The calcium carbide furnace gas with the temperature ranging from 800 DEG C to 1,000 DEG C is cooled to 550 DEG C-600 DEG C through the water cooling device and then is cooled to 180 DEG C-230 DEG C through the dry type Venturi device, then, the calcium carbide furnace gas with the temperature ranging from 180 DEG C to 230 DEG Cis subjected to dust removal through the dust removal device, at least part of calcium carbide furnace gas obtained after dust removal circulates to the dry type Venturi device, and the rest of calcium carbide furnace gas obtained after dust removal is conveyed into the gas cabinet. According to the provided calcium carbide furnace gas purification system, the dry type Venturi device is providedfor cooling the calcium carbide furnace gas, the cooling speed is high, the cooling time is short, through three-level cooling including water cooling temperature reduction, air cooling temperature reduction and dry type Venturi temperature reduction, the high-temperature calcium carbide furnace gas is gradually cooled to 180 DEG C-230 DEG C from the temperature of 600 DEG C or above, and the cooling effect is good.