The invention provides a high-frequency discharge identification and positioning method for a power transmission line. The method comprises the following steps: S1, respectively collecting traveling wave current and power frequency voltage waveform data of a three-phase power transmission line through multiple sets of monitoring devices; S2, calculating a traveling wave phase; S3, calculating a traveling wave current wave head according to the traveling wave phase calculation result and carrying out double-end positioning; S4, performing discharge identification on the positioning result. According to the high-frequency discharge identification and positioning method for power transmission line, the discharge traveling wave detection, pulse phase identification and traveling wave precise-positioning technology are organically combined, so that the interference influence is greatly reduced, discharge detection and identification precision are improved, and the real-time and online monitoring for the power transmission line is realized.