The invention discloses a mobile detecting device for recognizing potential road frost boiling and a detecting method of the mobile detecting device. The mobile detecting device comprises a supportingdevice, an electricity supply device and a detecting system, wherein the detecting system is arranged in front of the supporting device, and is used for detecting the internal temperature of the roadsurface of a potential road frost boiling region and feeding the acquired imaging data back to a computer; the electricity supply device is placed on the supporting device, and is used for providingelectric source input for the detecting device, a telescopic mechanism of the supporting device and the computer; the supporting device comprises a framework and wheels; a plurality of partition boards are arranged in the framework; the telescopic mechanism is placed on one of the partition boards; the front end of the telescopic mechanism is connected with the detecting system; and when detectionis needed, the detecting system extends out the supporting device along with the telescopic mechanism for detection. Through the adoption of the mobile detecting device disclosed by the invention, athermal infrared imager is utilized to display different thalposis images of a road surface region, so that the position point in which the potential road frost boiling exists is judged, potential safety hazards brought by the potential road frost boiling problems can be pointedly removed, the road safety coefficient can be improved, and the purpose of preventing potential road frost boiling disasters in advance is achieved.