The invention discloses an iterative learning correction-based aero-engine intelligent rotation speed control method. The method comprises the following steps of: establishing an NARMA-L2 model of a rotation speed control system by adoption of a neural network; and designing an iterative learning algorithm-based online rotation speed correction model by combining the NARMA-L2 model, so as to obtain an aero-engine rotation speed controller with self-regulation ability in a certain working condition range in envelopes. The method is capable of solving the problems that difficulties exist in traditional neural network-based prediction model establishment and online control rate solution and control quality of controllers expanded and applied in envelopes is reduced, is suitable for controlling rotation speeds of engines at different working points in certain flight envelopes, and has positive promotion effect for eliminating steady-state errors of engine control systems and improving engine rotation speed control quality.