Provided is a thermodynamic modeling and thermal design method for the overall structure of a high-speed processing machine, comprising the following steps: step 1: performing three-dimensional digital modeling of a high-speed processing machine; step 2: calculating a heating power of a main heat source of the high-speed processing machine and a related heat transfer coefficient of the high-speed processing machine; step 3: calculating a thermal resistance parameter of a surface joint portion of the high-speed processing machine; step 4: performing thermodynamic modeling of the overall structure of the high-speed processing machine and calculating a thermal property thereof; and step 5: generating a thermal design method for the overall structure of the high-speed processing machine. The method can be adopted to greatly improve the accuracy of thermodynamic modeling of the overall structure of a high-speed processing machine and shortens a design cycle. The present invention not only facilitates forward design of a high-speed processing machine, but also increases the success rate of a first-time design.