The invention discloses a VANET-oriented conditional anonymous authentication method without using a certificate and a signature. The method comprises the following steps that a user applies to join Internet of Vehicles, a TA stores vehicle information ID and distributes a private key to a vehicle, the TA judges whether a private key and the distributed private key are repeated, if yes, the private key is distributed again, and if not, the private key distributed by the TA serves as the private key of the TA; a sender vi sends an MAC code (formula) of a message m; when the vehicle vj receivesthe message cert(m), the vehicle vj carries out verification by utilizing (formula) in the own private key in order to judge whether to receive the message; and if the message is discovered to be themalicious message after the message is received, the TA traces the malicious vehicle to complete the authentication. The present invention does not use the certificate and the signature, a complicatedcertificate management problem cannot exist, the method has the advantages of high efficiency and high practicability, and the security attributes such as private key reliability, anonymous authentication, traceability, irrelevancy, non-repudiation, cancelability and the like are met.