The invention discloses an adsorption material for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in wheat and a preparation method and application of the adsorption material. The method includes the step that tetrabutylammonium bromide, sodium acetate and polyacrylamide-dimethylacetamide grafted chelated gel are mixed to prepare the adsorption material through a sol-gel method, wherein the reaction temperature is 150-170 DEG C, and a mass ratio of tetrabutylammonium bromide to sodium acetate to polyacrylamide-dimethylacetamide grafted chelated gel is 8:1:1. The preparation method of the adsorption material is quick and convenient; by adoption of special ionic liquid, salt and grafted chelated gel in preparation, the prepared triangular ionic liquid active adsorption material is high in targeting and collecting efficiency, and the recovery rate of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in wheat reaches 98.9%. In addition, the adsorption material is wide in linear range, low in detection limit and low in relative standard deviation, and the national detection requirement of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in wheat can be met.