The invention discloses a speech quality detection method and device, which relates to the technical field of speech detection, and mainly aims at improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of speech quality detection. The main technical scheme of the invention is characterized by converting the speech to be quality-checked into the text to be quality-checked; extracting quality inspection itemsone by one from a quality inspection item collection, wherein the quality inspection items are used for detecting whether the text to be inspected conforms to requirements; using a pre-trained machine learning model to detect whether the text to be inspected contains content matching with the quality inspection item; according to the matching result and the detection rule corresponding to the quality inspection entry, determining whether the speech to be inspected is qualified or not. The invention is used for the normative detection of the voice data content.