The invention relates to a fire-resistant anti-flaming optical cable, and further relates to a preparation method of the optical cable. The fire-resistant anti-flaming optical cable includes a cable core, protective layers wrapping the cable core, a fire-resistant layer wrapping the protective layers and protecting bush layers wrapping the fire-resistant layer, wherein the protective layers comprise the internal protective layer, the intermediate protective layer and the external protective layer, the internal protective layer is a polyimide coating with the thickness being 30-40 [mu]m, the intermediate protective layer is a polyaryletherketone-polysiloxane or polyimide multi-polymer coating with the thickness being 1-2 mm, and the external protective layer is a thermotropic liquid crystalline copolyester PET or PHB coating with the thickness being 10-20 [mu]m; the fire-resistant layer is a ceramic polyimide composite belt with the thickness being 0.12-0.2 mm; and the protecting bush layers include theinternal protecting bush layer and the external protecting bush layer, the internal protecting bush layer is a ceramic fiber braid layer with the thickness being 0.2-0.8 mm, and the external protecting bush layer is a burn-resistant material layer with the thickness being 0.1-0.5 mm. According to the optical cable, multi-layer fire-resistant anti-flaming design is adopted, and thecommunication performance of the optical cable can be effectively ensured in a fire disaster.