The invention discloses a composite material structure safety management system based on the sensor network. The system includes a lightning strike detection module, an other-damage information detection module, a temperature monitoring module, an information receiving module, a data analysis module, a data comparison module, an original safety data input module, a total control module, a notification module and a display module, wherein the other-damage information detection module is composed of an ultrasonic see-through module, an ultrasonic echo module, a high-frequency ultrasonic detection module, a low-frequency ultrasonic detection module and an X-ray detection module, the lightning strike detection module is communicably connected with the information receiving module, the other-damage information detection module and the information receiving module are communicatively connected, and the temperature monitoring module is communicatively connected with the information receivingmodule. The system is advantaged in that data can be acquired in more ways, and more kinds of data can be acquired to achieve better control of the composite material through the system.