The invention discloses a portable postoperative nursing rehabilitation device. A timer controls a water pump to be started, so that liquid medicine in a liquid medicine tank enters a housing throughan atomizer. Therefore, atomization medicine treatment on a surgical wound of a patient is realized, and meanwhile, a refrigerator is controlled to be started through the timer, and the refrigerator is started to deliver cold air to the inside of the housing to carry out low-temperature bacteriostatic treatment on the surgical wound of a patient, and the numerical value of a temperature controlleris adjusted to change the refrigeration temperature of the refrigerator, so that the temperature of the cold air reaches the optimum. The wound part of the patient is treated with antimicrobial therapy at the low temperature to the greatest extent. Meanwhile, a temperature detection module can detect the body temperature of the patient in real time. When the temperature of the patient exceeds theset upper limit of the temperature detection module, an alarm sounds to remind medical staff of carrying out emergency treatment on the patient, so that the safety of the patient is greatly improved.