The invention discloses a retaining shoulder type vibration damping fastener suitable for a subway main track. The retaining shoulder type vibration damping fastener suitable for the subway main trackcomprises a steel rail and a short tie, a rail lower bolster, a base iron bolster, and a profiled vibration isolator, a floating iron bolster, and a lower rail bolster are sequentially arranged between the steel rail and the short tie in an upward mode, a profiled cavity is formed in the middle of the base iron bolster, and the profiled vibration isolator is arranged in the profiled cavity; an arc-shaped breach is formed in the side, close to retaining shoulders, of profiled cavity, and arch-shaped bosses matching with the arch-shaped breaches are arranged on both sides of the vibration isolator; the retaining shoulders are arranged on the two sides of the base iron bolster, and lifting frames are arranged on one sides of the retaining shoulders; and a side face elastic body is clamped between the retaining shoulders of the base iron bolster and the outer side wall of the floating iron bolster. According to the retaining shoulder type vibration damping fastener suitable for the subwaymain track, the structure is compact, disassembling and assembling are easy, limiting is conducted in the transverse and longitudinal directions simultaneously, and good vibration isolation performance is realized under safety of driving is ensured.