The invention discloses a solid fuel vacuum pouring device which comprises a hopper, a plunger type flow regulating valve core, a pattern plate, a pouring cylinder cover, a pouring cylinder body, a water bath circulating heater, a water bath silica gel hose, a vacuum pressure gauge, a vacuum pipeline, a vacuum pump, a manual three-way ball valve and a forming die. The hopper and the pouring cylinder body are designed into a double-layer structure, and the circulating water bath heater is used for heating and insulating the hopper and the pouring cylinder body, so that the temperature of medicinal slurry can be maintained within a temperature range required by a pouring process for a long time, the fluidity and the leveling property of the medicinal slurry meet the requirements of the pouring process, and normal pouring of the medicinal slurry is realized. The replaceable pattern plate is arranged at the bottom of the hopper and can be adjusted and replaced according to the size and theshape of fuel. The interior of the pouring cylinder body is connected with the vacuum pump through a vacuum conduit, so that the medicinal slurry is poured into the forming die in a vacuum environment, and the poured fuel is free of bubbles or air holes.