The invention discloses a thermal-capacity and thermal-resistance double-effect coupling deep-low-temperature high-precision temperature control device. The device comprises a refrigerating machine, ahelium tank, a thermal resistance piece, an anti-radiation shield set, a vacuum housing, a thermometer, a heater, a pipe, a temperature controller, a normal temperature helium storage tank and a vacuum pump. The refrigerating machine is a second-level refrigerating machine composed of a first-level cooling head and a second-level cooling head. The helium tank is connected with the normal temperature helium storage tank, and helium is extracted out of or inflated into the helium tank. The anti-radiation shield set is a three-layered shield set composed of a first-level cooling shield, a second-level cooling shield and a heat insulation shield. The thermometer is arranged on a constant temperature block. The thermal resistance piece is mounted between the constant temperature block and thehigh-thermal-capacity helium tank in a clamped manner. The second-level cooling head of the refrigerating machine, the helium tank, the thermal resistance piece and the constant temperature block arein sequential series connection. According to the device, two thermal disturbance transmission inhibition methods, namely the coupling thermal capacity method and the thermal resistance method, are adopted; meanwhile, the multi-shield anti-radiation shield set is matched, and external interference of a temperature control target area can be lowered to the submilli-Kelvin, and the high-stability low temperature control is achieved; and the device can be used in a low-temperature precision environment.