The invention relates to a riverway sludge measurement rod. The riverway sludge measurement rod comprises a sludge upper layer measurement rod part, wherein a sludge upper layer locating disk is arranged on the lower portion of the sludge upper layer measurement rod part, a sludge bottom layer measurement rod part is arranged in the sludge upper layer measurement rod part in a sliding mode, a sludge detection head is arranged on the head of the sludge bottom layer measurement rod part, the sludge upper layer measurement rod part and the sludge bottom layer measurement rod part are engraved with adaptive scale lines, and the sludge detection head vibrates when detecting a sludge bottom layer. The riverway sludge measurement rod is low in cost, simple in structure, convenient to use and capable of performing precise positioning while effectively reading river depth and sludge depth.