The invention belongs to the technical field of food detection, and provides a construction method and application of attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared fingerprint spectrums of four famous vinegars. The attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is employed to qualitatively analyze main compounds of the four famous vinegars, the feature wave numbers are taken as variables for principal component analysis so as to identify the four famous vinegars, and the result reliability is verified by adopting cluster analysis. The method is high in accuracy and high in practicability and has important significance on identification of four famous vinegars and protection of the places of origin.