The invention relates to a novel single-phase ground fault line selection method based on grey correlation analysis. Firstly, an arc suppression coil device is adjusted; therefore, the overcompensation degree of a power distribution network is changed; power-frequency amplitude values of zero-sequence current flowing through various feeder lines are respectively measured under five different overcompensation degrees; the power-frequency amplitude value change sequence of the zero-sequence current of each feeder line is subjected to dimensionless treatment; furthermore, the association degree between the power-frequency amplitude value change sequences of the zero-sequence current of any feeder line and a reference feeder line is calculated; the average value of the sum of the association degree between one feeder line and other all feeder lines and a feeder line fault evaluation index are calculated; finally, a fault feeder line judgement threshold value is determined; if the fault evaluation indexes of all the feeder lines are lower than the fault feeder line judgement threshold value, a single-phase ground fault occurs on a bus; and otherwise, a feeder line, the fault evaluationindex of which is higher than the fault feeder line judgement threshold value, is a fault feeder line. The method in the invention is less in required sample amount, high in adaptation and low in calculation amount; and furthermore, influence of a small current measurement error on a line selection result can be greatly reduced or eliminated.